1. Teach about the brain and how it works. Once kids understand that the brain literally grows new connections as they practice and learn how to do something, they get excited about the learning process.

I remember telling a kid I work with about this when he felt frustrated by his basketball abilities. At first I hesitated because I thought it may be over his head, and I didn’t really understand how it works all that well. But I went ahead and told him that as he practices, his brain is rewiring itself and forming new connections that make it easier the next time. And guess what? His eyes lit up!

And later, I heard him excitedly telling his mom about his brain’s rewiring capabilities!

When kids learn how their brains work and grow, they take the first steps of developing a growth mindset.

3. Model a growth mindset for them. No matter what you tell children, the best way to teach a growth mindset is to work on developing your own. After all, kids learn much of their behavior and attitudes from observing the adults in their lives. One effective way to do this is to let your kids overhear your thinking out loud when you go through challenges.

Instead of…. “This is too hard.” Say… “This is really hard for me. I guess I better keep practicing.”

Instead of… “I can’t do this.” Go with… “I haven’t learned how to do this yet.”

Those are just two of countless examples of how to have and model a growth mindset. The best way to instill a growth mindset in your children is to have a growth mindset yourself.

4. Show your struggles. It’s hard to model a growth mindset, though, if you always try to hide your mistakes from your children. It’s a natural tendency since we want to protect them. But in this case, showing your struggles can be a lifelong gift to your children.

So try talking about your mistakes – even parenting mistakes – and what you’ve learned from them. One characteristic of a growth mindset is viewing failure as a springboard for growth. When children see our failures and hear us working through them – using them as a springboard for growth – they will be better equipped to do the same.

5. Add the magical word. 

I can’t read. I can’t make any 3 pointers. I can’t ride a bike.

It’s heartbreaking to hear a kid mutter phrases like these – sad and frustrated. But it’s a golden opportunity to teach about a growth mindset – with one simple trick.

Teach your child to add the magical word yet to the end of those sentences.

I can’t read YET. I can’t make any 3 pointers YET.I can’t ride a bike YET.

Just one word drastically changes the meaning of the phrase – and the outlook moving forward!

6. Praise effort over outcome. The key to instilling a growth mindset is teaching kids that their brains are like muscles that can be strengthened through hard work and persistence. To reinforce that as parents, it’s important to praise effort over outcome. Here’s an example:

Instead of praising your child for a seemingly permanent characteristic (“You are so smart”), praise the effort they put into it (“You worked really hard to solve that problem.”) The first is known as people praise; the second is process praise. Process praise promotes an internal sense of self-efficacy because it reinforces that successes are due to effort (which the child can control) rather than some fixed level of talent or skill.

The research into this is amazing. Carol Dweck, a Stanford University professor who first defined fixed and growth mindsets, wanted to know if what type of praise parents used had an effect on their kids as they grew up. In collaboration with researchers from the University of Chicago, Dweck looked at how mothers praised their babies at one, two, and three years old. Then they checked back with them five years later. “We found that process praise predicted the child’s success in school and desire for challenge five years later,” she told Quartz. “The more they had a growth mindset in 2nd grade the better they did in 4th grade and the relationship was significant. It’s powerful.”

Praise effort over outcome.

7. Avoid labeling your child and others. Whether it’s a positive label (You are so smart!) or a negative one (He’s not very good at math), they both communicate a fixed mindset.

Instead of motivating kids, labels like these can lead to limiting beliefs about themselves and others.

Sometimes a small shift in the language we use – like adding yet – can drastically change a phrase’s meaning and a kid’s worldview.

8. Replace negative self-talk with these phrases. 

Talk to your kids about their “inner voice” and the concept of self-talk, both positive and negative.

Teach them to recognize unhelpful self-talk and replace it with positive alternatives. To the right, see a short list of examples:

9. Read these books for your kids. Stories are an amazing way to learn about a growth mindset and see it in action. Here’s a list of amazing books related to growth mindsets, broken down by age:

• Bubble Gum Brain by Julia Cook
• Thanks for the Feedback, I Think by Julia Cook
• I Knew You Could: A Book for All Stops in Your Life by Craig Dorfman
• Making a Splash – Growth Mindset for Kids by Carol Reiley
• Your Fantastic Elastic Brain: Stretch It, Shape It By JoAnn Deak
• A Walk in the Rain with a Brain by Edward Hallowell
• My Day Is Ruined! A Story Teaching Flexible Thinking by Bryan Smith
• Sometimes You Win, Sometimes You Learn for Kids by John C. Maxwell
• When Pigs Fly by Valerie Coulman
• Rosie Revere, Engineer by Andrea Beaty